{"authors":[{"id":"1667148091","orcid":"","email":"design@fieldready.org","name":"Usamah Shamma","affiliation":"Field Ready"},{"id":"1208828816","orcid":"","email":"design@fieldready.org","name":"Eyad Janneh","affiliation":"Field Ready"},{"id":"1834142399","orcid":"","email":"design@fieldready.org","name":"Mark Mellors","affiliation":"Field Ready"}],"bricks":[{"abstract":"THIS DEVICE IS DANGEROUS, HAS RISKS, CAN RESULT IN DEATH IF NOT DONE CORRECTLY. CONTACT FIELD READY BEFORE MAKING.","id":"561537663","functions":[{"id":"2006900866","description":"Overview","implementations":[{"id":"501659546","quantity":1,"type":"brick"},{"id":"954587582","quantity":1,"type":"brick"},{"id":"538033046","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]},{"id":"453005302","description":"Airbag","implementations":[{"id":"707800522","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]},{"id":"315089324","description":"Valve Box","implementations":[{"id":"1285053238","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]},{"id":"494774553","description":"Safety and Testing","implementations":[{"id":"538033046","quantity":1,"type":"brick"},{"id":"1972149756","quantity":1,"type":"brick"},{"id":"2041287057","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]}],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/lifting airbag and accessories.jpg"}],"long_description":"This effort is a part of Field Ready's program to develop rescue equipment for Syrian Civil Defense which can be locally manufactured. This program is conducted in partnership with Mayday Rescue Org and ROW (Refugee Open Ware). This manual is prepared to describe how to make and test a lifting airbag to be used in rescue operations in conflict areas, natural disasters or anywhere trapped people need rescuing. It is an output of the process of developing and testing the designs of the airbag. It describes how to make the bag and how to select other system components.","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Field Ready Lifting Airbag System","license":"CC-BY-SA 4.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/legalcode)","notes":"***While this process has been designed and tested by Field Ready, your manufacture and assembly may differ. It is extremely important to test your end product before using. Contact Field Ready's technical team (design@fieldready.org) for guidance prior to initating this build.***"},{"abstract":"","id":"501659546","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Manufacturing Manual-Final.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Manufacturing Manual-Final-Arabic.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Usage Manual Draft - EN V1.3.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Usage Manual Final -AR V1.3.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/lifting airbag and accessories.jpg"}],"long_description":"This Manual is designed as a step-by-step guide, providing all the information needed to manufacture an airbag and assemble the valve box.","instructions":[{"name":"Skill level needed","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"Heat Welding: The basic joining mechanism of the airbag involves heat welding sheets of polyester using a heat welding gun. This skill is typically found in truck repair workshops. Ideally hire experienced workers to complete welds if they are available. If this is not possible welding may be carried out with care, following the guidelines given in this document.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Testing of the material to establish Allowable Pressure: Rig based tests will need to be carried out as outlined in attached documents and a calculation made. No specific qualification is needed but prior experience in fabricating substantial metal or timber frameworks would be an advantage.","components":[]}]},{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"How to Use This Manual","license":"","notes":"Attached are pdf versions of both the Manufacturing Manual and the Usage Manual (English and Arabic). It is a must to read through all materials here, especially safety considerations and testing plans, prior to using. The usage manual is strongly recommended reading prior to attempting usage."},{"abstract":"","id":"954587582","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/airbag system.jpg"}],"long_description":"A lifting airbag system shall include the following components (Key): \n1 Inlet for compressed air \n2 Regulator \n3 Hose\n4 Valves box \n5 Lifting bag","instructions":[{"name":"Fabric Airbag ","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"This bag is made using two layers of polyester 1.0 mm in thickness with a rubber protective covering. The dimensions of the finished bag are 50x50 cm.","components":[]}]},{"name":"What is polyester?","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"Vinyl coated polyester is a material frequently used for flexible fabric structures. It is made up of a polyester scrim, a bonding or adhesive agent, and an exterior PVC coating. The scrim supports the coating (which is initially applied in liquid form) and provides the tensile strength, elongation, tear strength, and dimensional stability of the resulting fabric. Depending on its formula, the PVC coating makes the material waterproof and resistant to dirt, mildew, oil, salt, chemicals and UV rays and gives the material added strength and durability. It can be sewn or heat sealed by way of RF(Radio Frequency) welding or hot-air welding. It is commonly used for tent cover and truck sides.","components":[]}]},{"name":"Specification of the Airbag","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"This airbag design has the following performance capacity: \n\n· Allowable pressure up to 2.5 Bars \n\n· Lifting height up to 13 cm \n\n· Lifting capacity up to 5 tones","components":[]}]},{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"What is the Airbag System?","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"**Must Read**","id":"538033046","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[],"long_description":"Before manufacturing, be sure to read these safety considerations on hand tools, heat gun and compressed air.","instructions":[{"name":"Hand Tools ","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"Use the right tool for the job. \n· Don't use broken or damaged tools, dull cutting tools. \n· Cut in a direction away from your body. \n· Make sure your grip and footing are secure when using large tools. \n· Use the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for the job. \n· Never carry sharp or pointed tools such as scissors in your pocket. \n· Select ergonomic tools for your work task when movements are repetitive and forceful. \n· Always keep your tools in top condition. A dull blade or blunt point can lead to injury. \n· Store tools properly when you stop work.","components":[]}]},{"name":"Heat Gun","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"Do not use a heat gun near combustible or flammable materials including open containers of flammable liquids, flammable vapors or hoods used to control flammable vapors\/atmospheres. \n· Be aware of the direction of the heat. \n· Always switch the heat gun off before putting it down on any surface. \n· Unplug the heat gun when not in use, especially if the lab is unoccupied. \n· Always maintain a minimum of one centimeter of clearance between outlet nozzle and work surface. \n· Allow the tool to cool before storing it. \n· Never touch the hot metal nozzle with clothing or skin. \n· Never direct the air flow towards one\u2019s body. \n· Do not look down the nozzle while the gun is turned on. \n· Do not insert anything down the nozzle of the gun. \n· Never block the inlet grill or obstruct the air flow of the unit while in operation. \n· Do not use a coiled extension cord to power a heat gun because a high current draw can result in overheating and pose risk of fire or electrocution. \n· Never hold a sample without forceps while using a heat gun or you will risk direct exposure of the heat to your hand","components":[]}]},{"name":"Compressed Air Safety Precautions ","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"All pipes, hoses, and fittings must have a rating of the maximum pressure of the system. \n· Air supply shutoff valves should be located (as near as possible) at the point-of-operation. \n· Air hoses should be kept free of grease and oil to reduce the possibility of deterioration. \n· Hose ends must be secured to prevent whipping if an accidental cut or break occurs. Worker with compressed air must wear face shields or other eye protection.","components":[]}]},{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Safety Considerations","license":"","notes":"See section Airbag Test Plan and Report for further safety considerations."},{"abstract":"","id":"707800522","functions":[{"id":"874010151","description":"Parts","implementations":[{"id":"889714462","quantity":8,"type":"part"},{"id":"57882886","quantity":5,"type":"part"},{"id":"1627258929","quantity":50,"type":"part"},{"id":"1544782379","quantity":1,"type":"part"},{"id":"833875905","quantity":1,"type":"part"},{"id":"2043931964","quantity":1,"type":"part"},{"id":"1414740732","quantity":4,"type":"part"},{"id":"952468025","quantity":2,"type":"part"},{"id":"1648250263","quantity":1,"type":"part"}]},{"id":"1873373127","description":"Tools Used","implementations":[{"id":"1784637634","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]},{"id":"733691906","description":"Bag Making","implementations":[{"id":"1275441054","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]}],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/lifting airbag and accessories.jpg"}],"long_description":"Manufacturing and Assembly Manual","instructions":[{"name":"Assemble the airbag system","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"As mentioned before the system consist of control valves, hoses, pressure gauges, and bags. All the components of the system must work under the allowable pressure safely and the safety factor need to be 4 at least. \nWhen you have different materials (different fabric or rubber thickness) make four bags and test them to know the Allowable Pressure. Testing should be done according to the test plan attached in this document.","components":[]}]},{"name":"Testing the bag","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"Bag testing will be done according to the \u201CBS EN 13731:2007\u201D. After making the bag, it should be tested according to the test method in the document attached with this manual.","components":[]}]},{"name":"Airbag system usage","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"After making and testing, the bag should be used according to the rules and instructions described in Usage Manual attached in the \"How to Use This Manual\" section.","components":[]}]},{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Lifting Airbag","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"","id":"1784637634","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/tools used airbag.png"}],"long_description":"Tools used to make the airbag.","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Tools Used for the Airbag","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"","id":"1275441054","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[],"long_description":"","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 1.png"}],"description":"Bag Making step by step \nThis bag is made using polyester 1.0 mm in thickness. The made one has 50x50 cm, two layer of polyester. \nBring the polyester. be sure the thickness 1.0 mm or more.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 2_3.png"}],"description":"Put the fabric on a flat surface, make sure no bubbles or wrinkles in the fabric.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Check the fabric for defects or damage. Do not use if there is a flaw or any visible holes within the cut contour.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 4.png"}],"description":"Mark the cut path using a bold pen on the fabric as shown in the figure below. Cut two layers.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 5_6.png"}],"description":"Cut the fabric using sharp knife or scissors. Ensure the cutting produces a clean cut and doesn\u2019t stress the surrounding fabric. We need two cuts for every bag. See the dimensions in the figure 5-6.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Check the fabric for defects or damage might resulting from cutting process. Do not use if there are any score marks or holes.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 7.png"}],"description":"Wash both polyester sheets using powdered detergents and warm water to get a perfect cleaning from (dirt, dust, or industry lubricant), not to affect welding process.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 8.png"}],"description":"Put two cut fabrics above each other (in same directions). And weld all bottom surfaces of 1 to all the top surfaces of 2. \nWelding process parameters as following: \nTemp: 300-450 degrees C Speed: Normal hand movement (average 5-7 m\/min)","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Cut a small circular\/square 15 cm piece of the same fabric and wash it.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 9_10.png"}],"description":"Place it at the center top of two welded layers, and weld it using heat gun. See the dimensions in the figure 10.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 11.png"}],"description":"Punch them all (three layers) 12 mm hole in the center.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Enter the quick action connector and fasten the nut on the inner side.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 12_13.png"}],"description":"Add some gasket rubber to the area of air inlet and on the quick connector to seal the region.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 14.png"}],"description":"Fold in the side without wings to other side, start weld the wings then the sides, lastly weld the back wings and side.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 15.png"}],"description":"After finishing the welding, Leave the bag for one hour at least.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 16.png"}],"description":"Blow the bag up to 1.5 bars to see if there is any external defect in the bag. (there will probably be some tiny leaks within the welds)","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 17.png"}],"description":"To seal the leaks, using syringe inject 50 ml of latex (liquid rubber) inside the bag and inflate it, then move the bag in all directions to make sure the rubber fills all small and unseen leaks. Keep move the orientation of the bag every 10min for 3 hours.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 18.png"}],"description":"Make sure all small holes are closed by checking the bag under water, inflating it and looking for leaks","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"If there still some leaks, use other 50 ml latex and repeat the from 12th step, orientating the bag so the latex moves down towards the known leaks","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"When you are sure that there are no leaks, inflate the bag to 2bar","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 20-22.png"}],"description":"Leave the bag for 24 hours in a place with a steady temperature, then measure the pressure to see if there is any pressure loss. (the pressure should be within ±0.1bar)","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"If there is no pressure loss, inspect the bag for any physical or integrity defects.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 23.png"}],"description":"While inflated and the latex is completely dried, and the bag is inflated inject some powder (baby powder) to prevent latex to stick together after deflation","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 24.png"}],"description":"Bring the textured surface rubber sheet. Thickness 2.5mm.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Mark and cut the rubber layer to the dimensions in this figure (the rubber layer shouldn\u2019t fit closely to the bag). Cut small other pieces for handles.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 25_26.png"}],"description":"Punch the center of cut rubber and insert the polyester bag air inlet in it","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/step 27_28.png"}],"description":"Sew the layer of hard rubber around the bag (while deflated). Overlap will be 3 cm each side. Then sew the handles","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Add specs label. Label should contain, reference number, lifting capacity, Allowable pressure, Maximum height. We used punch number set to mark following on a metal sheet: \nReference number: \u201CSYR-ABPR-0001\u201D \nRated capacity: 5 T Max Height: 14 cm.","components":[]}]}],"name":"Bag Making","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"","id":"1285053238","functions":[{"id":"2122518647","description":"Parts","implementations":[{"id":"1905044175","quantity":4,"type":"part"},{"id":"439704362","quantity":2,"type":"part"},{"id":"1845084531","quantity":2,"type":"part"},{"id":"1906425822","quantity":2,"type":"part"},{"id":"1308564349","quantity":7,"type":"part"},{"id":"1856821697","quantity":2,"type":"part"},{"id":"267776591","quantity":10,"type":"part"},{"id":"1090976297","quantity":1,"type":"part"},{"id":"2117306160","quantity":4,"type":"part"},{"id":"2094284235","quantity":2,"type":"part"}]},{"id":"753912821","description":"Tools Used","implementations":[{"id":"350147744","quantity":1,"type":"brick"}]}],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/valve box step 5.jpg"}],"long_description":"Tools and instructions for making the valve box","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/valve box step 1.jpg"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/valve box step 1b.png"}],"description":"Using Teflon tape connect all fittings and valves. Measure the exact dimensions of the final assembly.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Check all the connections for leaks by connecting the box to compressed air. Add more Teflon where needed. Test the connections for leaks using foam or water bath.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Cut the wood pieces to exact dimensions.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/valve box step 4.jpg"}],"description":"Assemble the wood pieces using bolts after putting the valve combination inside it. Cut the upper wood plate according to valves size and spacing. Allow passes for pressure gauges, inlet and outlet pipes.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/valve box step 5.jpg"}],"description":"Add the pressure gauges. Print labelling arrows beside the valves button (use different colors)","components":[]}]}],"name":"Valve Box","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"","id":"350147744","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/tools used valve box.png"}],"long_description":"Tools used to make the valve box.","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Tools Used for the Valve Box","license":"","notes":""},{"abstract":"Testing requirements for the manufactured airbag","id":"1972149756","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Airbags Test Plan Final.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Safe Airbag Design.pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/Tests report v0.1.pdf"}],"long_description":"As there may be many models of lifting airbags which are locally made in Syria, we need to test them to make sure the final product will conform with the safety considerations asked by SCD and Mayday Rescue which is primarily focused on SCD worker\u2019s safety from injuries while they are using the products. Likewise, in replicating this design, you will need to do bag testing at least according to the \u201CBS EN 13731:2007\u201D. After making the bag, it needs to be tested according to the test method described in the attached pdf \"Airbags Test Plan Final\". \n\nAll the design, product components, joints and primary parameters like pressure and load capacity will be in the scope of testing the airbags. The environmental affect will be considered as well, so the test will consider the surface tilt and roughness and the effect of prominent edges of the rocks in the performance of the airbag.","instructions":[{"name":"Safe Airbag Design","steps":[{"files":[],"description":"CE marking> \nBriefly, the CE marking process involves: \n· Identifying what directives and legislation the design must conform to, and converting them into design requirements \n· Designing in accordance with the legislation \n· Risk assessing the design in use \n· Implementing control procedures to reduce the risk to an acceptable level \n· Testing the design against the requirements \n \nThe key directive lifting air bags need to comply with is BS EN 13731:2007 \u2018Lifting bag systems for fire and rescue service use \u2014 Safety and performance requirements\u2019. This is the standard that the currently provided \u2018Paratech\u2019 airbags are constructed to. \nThe key requirements for air bags from that standard are: \n· Capable of being operated in \u201320 °C to + 55 °C. \n· Able to withstand 4 x the working pressure \n· Resist puncture \n· Able to be carried and moved (suitable handles or rope attachment points) \n· Limits speed of descent during deflation \n· Lifting capacity stated on the label","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/current bag design.png"}],"description":"Current design for field constructed airbags","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Design details to meet requirements> \n· Reinforced polyester resists temperatures from -30C to +70C [1] \n· Bag size, allowable pressure and material thickness and strength selected to give a safety factor of 4 at the working pressure \n· Material thickness for withstanding air pressure is also tough enough to resist puncture \n· Moving eyelets or handles can be easily integrated as needed \n· The valve size has been selected to deliberately limit the maximum gas flow speed, ensuring rapid descents aren\u2019t possible. \n· Airbag ID label with lift capacity and max allowable pressure clearly stated. \n\n[1] http:\/\/www.par-group.co.uk\/site-content\/1\/Docs\/updates\/8-general-consumables\/8.30-pvc-coated-polyester-blue-900gsm-tds.pdf","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/risk assessment_airbag.png"}],"description":"Risk assessment> \nThe standard already includes a detailed risk assessment and points to the tests and design requirements needed to mitigate the risks. We have repeated the key aspects here that relate to the airbag use to identify if our approach introduces any extra hazards. The airbag has been risk assessed assuming it is being used in accordance with the usage manual[1] which covers best practice for using these airbags.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Details of test methods> \nBS 13731 describes three key tests specific for the airbag. Thankfully all of the tests can be accurately reproduced in the field with no specialist equipment. The tests are \n· Pressurising the airbag to 4 x the allowable usage pressure \n· Puncture test by forcing a 6mm steel pin into a sample of the bag fabric \n· Lift capacity verification test \n· Simulated pipe rupture test \n· Connector strength test \nThe specifics of the test methods and results are included in the detailed test reports produced for each airbag design. A brief summary of the current acceptance tests is included below.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/airbag in field.png"}],"description":"Pressurising test> \nThis test required us to buy a higher pressure regulator as standard regulators are matched to the allowable pressure. The test is conducted in a remote area using a very long air hose, and the test videoed to keep the operator safe but record the test. The \u2018type test\u2019 airbag is pressurised until it reaches failure. The maximum allowable pressure for that design is than taken as 4 x the failure pressure or less. All airbags that are put into service will go through individual tests of 1.5 x the allowable pressure, to check for weakness without overstressing. Note this unrestrained test puts much higher stresses on the material than when constrained by a load.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/puncture test.png"}],"description":"Puncture test> \nA simple rig was fabricated to allow the 6mm steel pin to be pushed with 750N into a small sample of fabric, held in a pressure vessel constructed to the dimensions described in the standard. The material is pressurised after the test to check for leaks.","components":[]},{"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/verification test.png"}],"description":"Lift capacity verification test> \nThe airbag is used to lift large stones with a known weight at a quarry. In testing we have found the maximum lifted weight correlates well with (applied pressure) x (contact area), so is quite predictable and repeatable.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Simulated pipe rupture test> \nAfter each lift test at the quarry, the air hose is vented and the air bag descent speed recorded.","components":[]},{"files":[],"description":"Connector strength test> \nA hose connected to the type test airbag is axially loaded with 1000N to check the attachment is robust.","components":[]}]},{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Airbag Test Plan and Report","license":"","notes":"Because safety is always a priority. Creating an innovative design to a challenging problem to be built in remote areas is difficult enough but being confident its safe is even more so. Thankfully there are some established processes for ensuring new products are safe. In Europe, CE marking is the standard that new products must meet before they can be sold, imported or put into service in Europe. Where practical, we follow the principles of CE marking to ensure a safe design, but without the administrative burden of completing the paperwork. The process and test results are openly shared and (where safe to do so) encouraged to be reproduced. \n\nSee below for safe airbag design standards and tests or see the attached pdf \"Safe Airbag Design\". \n\nField Ready's tests report is attached for your reference, \"Tests report v0.1\"."},{"abstract":"","id":"2041287057","functions":[],"authors":[],"files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/usdata\/Using airbag report (01042017).pdf"},{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/SCD airbag letter.pdf"}],"long_description":"Report on using the locally made Airbag system in real operation. Letter from the Syrian Civil Defense about its usage.","instructions":[{"name":"assembly","steps":[]}],"name":"Usage Report","license":"","notes":""}],"parts":[{"id":"1905044175","files":[{"url":".\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/.\/FR airbag files\/images\/valve box\/Pneumatic valves.png"}],"description":"Dimensions: 1\/4\" NPT\n\nDescription: 3\/2 valve with button witch, spring return. (choose two small buttons and two larger)","name":"VB: Pneumatic valves","manufacturing_instruction":{"steps":[]},"supplier_part_num":"","material_amount":"4.0","manufacturer_part_num":"","material_unit":"NONE","url":"","supplier":""},{"id":"439704362","files":[],"description":"150 x 185 x 6 mm\n\nMDF or plywood","name":"VB: Wood pieces for top and bottom","manufacturing_instruction":{"steps":[]},"supplier_part_num":"","material_amount":"2.0","manufacturer_part_num":"","material_unit":"NONE","url":"","supplier":""},{"id":"1845084531","files":[],"description":"150 x 100 x 6 mm\n\nMDF or plywood","name":"VB: Wood pieces for sides","manufacturing_instruction":{"steps":[]},"supplier_part_num":"","material_amount":"2.0","manufacturer_part_num":"","material_unit":"NONE","url":"","supplier":""},{"id":"1906425822","files":[],"description":"100 x 185 x 6mm\n\nMDF or plywood","name":"VB: Wood pieces for 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